Morus rubra
 
Common Names Red Mulberry, Native Mulberry, American Mulberry
 
Zones 4–9
 
A medium-sized deciduous tree native to eastern North America, Morus rubra is valued for its sweet, blackberry-like fruit and its ecological role in supporting birds and pollinators. Found in rich woods, bottomlands, and field margins, it features variable foliage, reddish-brown bark, and a spreading crown. Though often overshadowed by invasive Morus alba, this native species offers superior wildlife value and regional authenticity.
 
Key Features
Growth Habit: Upright to rounded tree; broad crown; often multi-trunked
Height: Typically 35–50 ft (10–15 m); may reach 80 ft (24 m) in ideal conditions
Leaves: Alternate; ovate to lobed; rough-textured; heart-shaped base; variable across canopy
Bark: Gray-brown; long, scaly ridges; milky sap present in all parts
Flowers: Unisexual; greenish; catkin-like spikes; bloom March–April; dioecious or monoecious
Fruit: Compound drupe; 1 in long; red to dark purple when ripe; sweet and juicy; short shelf life
Ecology: Fruits attract birds, mammals, and pollinators; host plant for silkworms and other Lepidoptera; supports native food webs
 
Growing Conditions
Light: Full sun to part shade
Watering: Moderate; prefers moist, well-drained soils
Soil: Rich loam preferred; tolerates rocky or sandy sites
Temperature: Hardy to –25°F (–32°C); suitable for temperate zones
Humidity: Moderate to high tolerance
Propagation: Seed or cuttings; may self-seed prolifically
Tolerance: Drought, air pollution, urban conditions
 
Landscape Use Ideal for wildlife gardens, food forests, and native restoration zones. Use in open woodlands or as a shade tree with edible appeal. Pairs well with Celtis laevigata, Asimina triloba, and Vaccinium arboreum. Avoid planting near walkways due to fruit drop.