Coccoloba diversifolia
 
Common Names Pigeon Plum, Tie-Tongue
 
Zones 10B–11
 
A resilient, evergreen tree native to coastal South Florida, the Caribbean, and Central America, Coccoloba diversifolia is prized for its glossy foliage, wildlife-friendly fruit, and tolerance of harsh seaside conditions. Its upright form and moderate size make it ideal for urban landscapes, restoration sites, and specimen plantings.
 
Key Features
Growth Habit: Upright, rounded canopy; often multi-trunked
Height: Typically 20–40 ft (6–12 m); spread 20–35 ft (6–10.5 m)
Leaves: Alternate; simple; leathery; 2–4 in (5–10 cm); bright green with reddish new growth
Flowers: Small, whitish-green; borne in 2–6 in (5–15 cm) racemes; bloom spring to summer
Fruit: Dark red to purple, fleshy drupes; ~⅓ in (8 mm); ripen late fall to winter; edible but mildly astringent2
Ecology: Native to coastal hammocks, pine rocklands, and beach thickets; attracts birds and pollinators
 
Growing Conditions
Light: Full sun to part shade
Watering: Moderate; drought tolerant once established
Soil: Well-drained; tolerates limestone, sand, and alkaline substrates
Temperature: Frost sensitive; protect below 40°F (4°C)
Humidity: High tolerance; thrives in humid coastal climates
Propagation: Seed or cuttings
Tolerance: Salt spray, high winds, urban conditions
 
Landscape Use Excellent for coastal restoration, wildlife gardens, and urban greening. Use as a shade tree, buffer planting, or specimen. Pairs well with Guapira discolor, Simarouba glauca, and Psychotria nervosa.