Bauhinia variegata
 
Common Names Orchid Tree, Mountain Ebony, Butterfly Tree
 
Zones 9A–11 (outdoors); Zone 8B with protection or container overwintering
Bauhinia variegata is a striking deciduous tree native to Southeast Asia, celebrated for its orchid-like blooms and butterfly-shaped leaves. Flowering from late winter through spring, it produces showy pink, purple, or white blossoms that attract hummingbirds and pollinators. Its sculptural form and seasonal drama make it a favorite for tropical and subtropical landscapes.
 
Key Features
Growth Habit: Upright to spreading; multi-stemmed or single-trunked with pruning
Height: 20–35 ft. tall and wide in cultivation
Trunk: Smooth gray bark; branching begins low unless trained
Leaves: Bilobed, light green, 6–8 in. long; resemble butterfly wings
Inflorescence: Orchid-like flowers, 2–3 in. across; pink, purple, or white; bloom late winter to early spring
Fruit: Flat seedpods, 8–12 in. long; mature pods twist and split audibly to release seeds
Ecology: Nectar source for hummingbirds and butterflies; deciduous in dry season; mildly fragrant
 
Growing Conditions
Light: Full sun to light shade
Watering: Moderate; drought-tolerant once established
Soil: Moist, well-drained loam; neutral to slightly alkaline pH
Temperature: 22–95°F (–6 to 35°C); tolerates light frost
Humidity: Adaptable; prefers subtropical to tropical conditions
Propagation: Seeds (scarify for better germination); cuttings
Tolerance: Moderate drought; not salt-tolerant
 
Landscape Use Ideal as a specimen tree, street tree, or focal point in tropical gardens. Pairs beautifully with Cassia javanica, Tabebuia rosea, and Jacaranda mimosifolia for layered seasonal bloom. Works well in butterfly gardens and Mediterranean-style landscapes.